Caterpillars

Active through the warm growing season, peaking late spring to autumn, October to April.

Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies and include loopers, armyworm, corn earworm and cluster caterpillars. They chew leaves, bore into fruit and cobs, and can strip a crop quickly, so we catch them while they are still small.

How to identify

• Chewed leaves, ragged holes and stripped patches
• Dark droppings on leaves and in leaf crevices
• Holes bored into fruit, pods and corn cobs
• Green, brown or striped caterpillars feeding mostly at night or on undersides

How to prevent

• Cover crops with fine exclusion netting to stop moths laying eggs
• Check plants weekly and squash egg clusters on leaf undersides
• Clear spent crops and weeds where caterpillars shelter and pupate
• Encourage birds, predatory bugs and parasitic wasps by keeping the garden diverse

How to control organically

• Hand-pick caterpillars, checking undersides and growing tips
• Spray a Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki product such as Btk or Yates Success, which targets only caterpillars and is safe for bees and people
• Mix the spray fresh, apply late in the day and reapply every 7 to 10 days and after rain
• Use a neem-based spray as an alternative to deter feeding and egg-laying
• Apply pyrethrum at dusk for a fast knockdown of severe outbreaks
• Encourage and protect parasitic wasps and predatory shield bugs